Chapter 2. Substitute and Special Parental Authority

Art. 216. In default of parents or a abused actual custodian administrators and teachers all authorized activities duly accredited foundlings judicially appointed guardian oldest brother or sister order of preference orphanages principally and solidarily liable proper diligence property of the child quasi-delicts special parental authority and responsibility subsidiarily liable substitute summary judicial proceedings supervision surviving grandparent , the following person shall exercise substitute parental authority over the child in the order indicated:

(1) The abusedactual custodianadministrators and teachersall authorized activitiesduly accreditedfoundlingsjudicially appointed guardianoldest brother or sisterorder of preferenceorphanagesprincipally and solidarily liableproper diligenceproperty of the childquasi-delictsspecial parental authority and responsibilitysubsidiarily liablesubstitutesummary judicial proceedingssupervisionsurviving grandparent, as provided in Art. 214;

(2) The abusedactual custodianadministrators and teachersall authorized activitiesduly accreditedfoundlingsjudicially appointed guardianoldest brother or sisterorder of preferenceorphanagesprincipally and solidarily liableproper diligenceproperty of the childquasi-delictsspecial parental authority and responsibilitysubsidiarily liablesubstitutesummary judicial proceedingssupervisionsurviving grandparent, over twenty-one years of age, unless unfit or disqualified; and

(3) The child's abusedactual custodianadministrators and teachersall authorized activitiesduly accreditedfoundlingsjudicially appointed guardianoldest brother or sisterorder of preferenceorphanagesprincipally and solidarily liableproper diligenceproperty of the childquasi-delictsspecial parental authority and responsibilitysubsidiarily liablesubstitutesummary judicial proceedingssupervisionsurviving grandparent, over twenty-one years of age, unless unfit or disqualified.

Whenever the appointment of a judicial guardian over the abusedactual custodianadministrators and teachersall authorized activitiesduly accreditedfoundlingsjudicially appointed guardianoldest brother or sisterorder of preferenceorphanagesprincipally and solidarily liableproper diligenceproperty of the childquasi-delictsspecial parental authority and responsibilitysubsidiarily liablesubstitutesummary judicial proceedingssupervisionsurviving grandparent becomes necessary, the same abusedactual custodianadministrators and teachersall authorized activitiesduly accreditedfoundlingsjudicially appointed guardianoldest brother or sisterorder of preferenceorphanagesprincipally and solidarily liableproper diligenceproperty of the childquasi-delictsspecial parental authority and responsibilitysubsidiarily liablesubstitutesummary judicial proceedingssupervisionsurviving grandparent shall be observed.

Art. 217. In case of abused actual custodian administrators and teachers all authorized activities duly accredited foundlings judicially appointed guardian oldest brother or sister order of preference orphanages principally and solidarily liable proper diligence property of the child quasi-delicts special parental authority and responsibility subsidiarily liable substitute summary judicial proceedings supervision surviving grandparent , abandoned, neglected or abusedactual custodianadministrators and teachersall authorized activitiesduly accreditedfoundlingsjudicially appointed guardianoldest brother or sisterorder of preferenceorphanagesprincipally and solidarily liableproper diligenceproperty of the childquasi-delictsspecial parental authority and responsibilitysubsidiarily liablesubstitutesummary judicial proceedingssupervisionsurviving grandparent children and other children similarly situated, parental authority shall be entrusted in abusedactual custodianadministrators and teachersall authorized activitiesduly accreditedfoundlingsjudicially appointed guardianoldest brother or sisterorder of preferenceorphanagesprincipally and solidarily liableproper diligenceproperty of the childquasi-delictsspecial parental authority and responsibilitysubsidiarily liablesubstitutesummary judicial proceedingssupervisionsurviving grandparent to heads of children's homes, abusedactual custodianadministrators and teachersall authorized activitiesduly accreditedfoundlingsjudicially appointed guardianoldest brother or sisterorder of preferenceorphanagesprincipally and solidarily liableproper diligenceproperty of the childquasi-delictsspecial parental authority and responsibilitysubsidiarily liablesubstitutesummary judicial proceedingssupervisionsurviving grandparent and similar institutions abusedactual custodianadministrators and teachersall authorized activitiesduly accreditedfoundlingsjudicially appointed guardianoldest brother or sisterorder of preferenceorphanagesprincipally and solidarily liableproper diligenceproperty of the childquasi-delictsspecial parental authority and responsibilitysubsidiarily liablesubstitutesummary judicial proceedingssupervisionsurviving grandparent by the proper government agency.

Art. 218. The school, its abused actual custodian administrators and teachers all authorized activities duly accredited foundlings judicially appointed guardian oldest brother or sister order of preference orphanages principally and solidarily liable proper diligence property of the child quasi-delicts special parental authority and responsibility subsidiarily liable substitute summary judicial proceedings supervision surviving grandparent , or the individual, entity or institution engaged in child care shall have abusedactual custodianadministrators and teachersall authorized activitiesduly accreditedfoundlingsjudicially appointed guardianoldest brother or sisterorder of preferenceorphanagesprincipally and solidarily liableproper diligenceproperty of the childquasi-delictsspecial parental authority and responsibilitysubsidiarily liablesubstitutesummary judicial proceedingssupervisionsurviving grandparent over the minor child while under their abusedactual custodianadministrators and teachersall authorized activitiesduly accreditedfoundlingsjudicially appointed guardianoldest brother or sisterorder of preferenceorphanagesprincipally and solidarily liableproper diligenceproperty of the childquasi-delictsspecial parental authority and responsibilitysubsidiarily liablesubstitutesummary judicial proceedingssupervisionsurviving grandparent, instruction or custody.

Authority and responsibility shall apply to abusedactual custodianadministrators and teachersall authorized activitiesduly accreditedfoundlingsjudicially appointed guardianoldest brother or sisterorder of preferenceorphanagesprincipally and solidarily liableproper diligenceproperty of the childquasi-delictsspecial parental authority and responsibilitysubsidiarily liablesubstitutesummary judicial proceedingssupervisionsurviving grandparent whether inside or outside the premises of the school, entity or institution.

Art. 219. Those given the authority and responsibility under the preceding Article shall be abused actual custodian administrators and teachers all authorized activities duly accredited foundlings judicially appointed guardian oldest brother or sister order of preference orphanages principally and solidarily liable proper diligence property of the child quasi-delicts special parental authority and responsibility subsidiarily liable substitute summary judicial proceedings supervision surviving grandparent for damages caused by the acts or omissions of the unemancipated minor. The parents, judicial guardians or the persons exercising abusedactual custodianadministrators and teachersall authorized activitiesduly accreditedfoundlingsjudicially appointed guardianoldest brother or sisterorder of preferenceorphanagesprincipally and solidarily liableproper diligenceproperty of the childquasi-delictsspecial parental authority and responsibilitysubsidiarily liablesubstitutesummary judicial proceedingssupervisionsurviving grandparent parental authority over said minor shall be abusedactual custodianadministrators and teachersall authorized activitiesduly accreditedfoundlingsjudicially appointed guardianoldest brother or sisterorder of preferenceorphanagesprincipally and solidarily liableproper diligenceproperty of the childquasi-delictsspecial parental authority and responsibilitysubsidiarily liablesubstitutesummary judicial proceedingssupervisionsurviving grandparent.

The respective liabilities of those referred to in the preceding paragraph shall not apply if it is proved that they exercised the abusedactual custodianadministrators and teachersall authorized activitiesduly accreditedfoundlingsjudicially appointed guardianoldest brother or sisterorder of preferenceorphanagesprincipally and solidarily liableproper diligenceproperty of the childquasi-delictsspecial parental authority and responsibilitysubsidiarily liablesubstitutesummary judicial proceedingssupervisionsurviving grandparent required under the particular circumstances.
All other cases not covered by this and the preceding articles shall be governed by the provisions of the Civil Code on abusedactual custodianadministrators and teachersall authorized activitiesduly accreditedfoundlingsjudicially appointed guardianoldest brother or sisterorder of preferenceorphanagesprincipally and solidarily liableproper diligenceproperty of the childquasi-delictsspecial parental authority and responsibilitysubsidiarily liablesubstitutesummary judicial proceedingssupervisionsurviving grandparent.